State of Georgia

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State of Georgia

Georgia's FY 2027 enacted budget, the Governor's FY 2027 revenue estimates, audited fund balances and reserves, and state debt — each figure labeled by exactly what it is, and cited to its official source document.

Palette note: the state flag statute (OCGA § 50-3-1) names the flag's colors as scarlet, white, blue, and gold. The stripe bar above uses generic web color values for those names. Those values are not the Secretary of State's official color specification, which was not located — no hex value on this page is presented as an official Georgia color.

Overview

Georgia's fiscal year runs July 1 – June 30. The current fiscal year is FY 2027, July 1, 2026 – June 30, 2027, funded by the FY 2027 General Appropriations Act, HB 974 (Conference Committee Substitute, April 02, 2026).

$76,575,401,050Total Funds, FY 2027 enacted (HB 974)
$38,499,917,737State Funds, FY 2027 enacted (HB 974)
11,302,748Population, Census Vintage 2025 estimate, July 1, 2025 — not a Census count
AtlantaCapital — seat of the Georgia State Capitol
4th stateAdmitted to the Union January 2, 1788
159Counties
$5,582,959,810Revenue Shortfall Reserve, FY 2025 (Governor's Budget Report table — see reconciliation note)
“Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation”State motto

How to read every enacted figure on this page: enacted figures are as-passed Conference Committee Substitute totals, not post-veto/post-disregard spendable amounts. The HB 974 PDF as posted by the Office of Planning and Budget opens with the Governor's veto/disregard statements, including line-item vetoes of Section 51 bond authorizations and instructions to withhold specified amounts.

Sources: HB 974, FY 2027 Appropriations Bill (OPB PDF); U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts: Georgia; U.S. Senate, States in the Senate: Georgia; Lt. Governor's Office release, October 9, 2025 (159 counties).

Enacted budget by fund source — HB 974, FY 2027

Enacted figures below are as-passed Conference Committee Substitute totals, not post-veto/post-disregard spendable amounts. All five fund sources sum exactly to Total Funds — see the check note below.

Fund sourceFY 2027 enacted
Federal Funds and Grants$24,681,124,333
Federal Recovery Funds (separate line — count it separately)$12,007,384
Other Funds$7,588,188,509
State Funds$38,499,917,737
Intra-State Government Transfers$5,794,163,087
Total Funds$76,575,401,050

Scroll sideways on narrow screens; the first column stays pinned.

Do not drop the small line. The $12,007,384 Federal Recovery Funds line counts separately. Omitting it creates a false $12,007,384 gap between the detail and Total Funds.

Enacted vs. recommended: the Governor's Budget Report recommended Total Funds of $76,481,637,557 — $93,763,493 less than the enacted total — while recommending State Funds of $38,499,917,737, identical to the enacted State Funds figure. The enacted-vs.-recommendation difference is therefore entirely in federal, other, and intra-state funds, not in State Funds. Never present the $76,481,637,557 recommendation total as the enacted budget.

Federal Funds detail — sums exactly to $24,681,124,333

Federal sub-lineFY 2027 enacted
Medical Assistance Program (CFDA 93.778)$13,495,572,820
Federal Highway Administration, Highway Planning & Construction (CFDA 20.205)$1,499,466,641
State Children's Insurance Program (CFDA 93.767)$532,087,304
TANF Block Grant (CFDA 93.558)$435,633,209
Child Care & Development Block Grant (CFDA 93.575)$345,896,595
CCDF Mandatory & Matching (CFDA 93.596)$92,749,020
Foster Care, Title IV-E (CFDA 93.658)$95,973,259
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance (CFDA 93.568)$75,051,873
Federal Funds Not Specifically Identified$7,948,558,322
All other federal sub-lines combined (7 lines; individual values in HB 974 Part I)$160,135,290
Total Federal Funds$24,681,124,333

Other Funds detail — sums exactly to $7,588,188,509

Other Funds sub-lineFY 2027 enacted
Agency Funds$4,861,961,581
Indigent Care Trust Fund – Public Hospital Authorities$139,386,524
Other Funds – Not Specifically Identified$1,119,789,991
Records Center Storage Fee$912,482
Research Funds$1,466,137,931
Total Other Funds$7,588,188,509

Intra-State Government Transfers detail — sums exactly to $5,794,163,087

Transfer sub-lineFY 2027 enacted
Health Insurance Payments$5,142,505,397
Medicaid Services Payments – Other Agencies$280,857,262
Other Intra-State Government Payments$151,749,397
Self Insurance Trust Fund Payments$219,051,031
Total Intra-State Government Transfers$5,794,163,087

State Funds detail (19 lines) — sums exactly to $38,499,917,737

State Funds lineFY 2027 enacted
State General Funds$32,947,014,704
Motor Fuel Funds$2,612,194,500
Lottery Funds$1,738,815,158
Hospital Provider Payment$539,210,578
Transportation Trust Funds$253,791,143
Tobacco Settlement Funds$148,578,162
Nursing Home Provider Fees$128,537,304
Georgia Transit Trust Funds$41,879,733
Opioid Settlement Trust Fund$25,305,545
Trauma Care Trust Funds$16,618,843
Hazardous Waste Trust Funds$14,889,007
Ambulance Provider Fees$11,458,192
Solid Waste Trust Funds$10,108,446
Wildlife Endowment Trust Funds$3,009,115
Fireworks Trust Funds$2,640,636
Georgia Agricultural Trust Fund$2,597,582
Brain & Spinal Injury Trust Fund$1,945,286
State Children's Trust Funds$1,187,489
Safe Harbor for Sexually Exploited Children Fund$136,314
Total State Funds$38,499,917,737

Source for this whole section: HB 974, FY 2027 Appropriations Bill, Part I summary (OPB PDF). Cross-check: Total State Funds minus all dedicated/trust lines equals the published State General Funds figure exactly. Do not use HB 977 or HB 978 — those appeared in Open States listings as introduced bills for the same fiscal year and are not the final act; the final OPB-posted act is HB 974.

Revenues by source — Governor's FY 2027 estimates

Label matters: every figure in this section is a Governor's FY 2027 estimate (recommendation basis) from the Governor's Budget Report, AFY 2026 – FY 2027 (January 2026). These are not enacted revenue figures. HB 974 appropriates; it does not publish this revenue-by-source estimate table.

Total State Treasury Receipts, FY 2027 estimate — sums exactly to $38,499,917,737

Receipt lineFY 2027 estimate
State General Fund Receipts$36,610,442,817
Lottery for Education Revenues$1,518,339,060
Lottery for Education Reserves$220,476,098
Tobacco Settlement Funds and Interest$148,578,162
Brain and Spinal Injury Trust Fund$1,945,286
Safe Harbor for Children Trust Fund$136,314
Total State Treasury Receipts$38,499,917,737

Total State Treasury Receipts equals Total State Funds appropriated — the budget is balanced on State Funds by construction, and the recommendation and the act agree on State Funds.

State General Fund Receipts — sums exactly to $36,610,442,817

ComponentFY 2027 estimate
Total Net Taxes$33,956,817,013
Total Interest, Fees, and Sales$2,653,625,804
Total State General Fund Receipts$36,610,442,817

Total Net Taxes — sums exactly to $33,956,817,013

ComponentFY 2027 estimate
Department of Revenue Net Taxes$33,163,250,170
Insurance Premium Tax (Other Departments)$793,566,843
Total Net Taxes$33,956,817,013

Department of Revenue Net Taxes detail — sums exactly to $33,163,250,170

TaxFY 2027 estimate
Income Tax – Individual$16,119,501,562
Income Tax – Corporate$3,079,175,003
Sales and Use Tax – General$9,766,420,876
Motor Fuel (tax line in this table — distinct from Motor Fuel Funds $2,612,194,500 in the appropriations)$2,437,819,446
Tobacco Taxes$209,025,439
Alcoholic Beverages Tax$223,947,084
Motor Vehicle License Tax$412,643,453
Title Ad Valorem Tax$914,717,307
Total Department of Revenue Net Taxes$33,163,250,170

Estate Tax and Property Tax rows are blank for FY 2027 in this table. No values are shown for them.

Interest, Fees, and Sales — verified subtotals and total only

ComponentFY 2027 estimate
Department of Revenue subtotal$747,505,440
Other Departments subtotal$1,906,120,364
Total Interest, Fees, and Sales$2,653,625,804

The two subtotals add exactly to the published total. Finer line-by-line detail for this block was not independently sum-checked, so only these verified totals are shown.

Prior-year context (same report, recommendation basis)

AFY 2026 Total State Funds$42,268,170,020
of which: Funds Available from Beginning Fund Balance$3,654,958,548
Original FY 2026 State Funds$37,761,687,325

FY 2027 has no beginning-fund-balance add-on in this table.

Source for this whole section: Governor's Budget Report, AFY 2026 – FY 2027 (OPB PDF) — Estimated State Revenues p. 15, Georgia Revenues pp. 16–17.

Expenditures

Largest enacted agency sections — HB 974, FY 2027

Not the full agency breakdown. Only 12 of the 50+ HB 974 sections were extracted. The sections below sum to far less than the $76,575,401,050 Total Funds. Do not read this table as total spending by agency — it is the largest enacted agency sections, plus the two legislative sections used for enacted-vs.-recommendation contrast. Enacted figures are as-passed Conference Committee Substitute totals, not post-veto/post-disregard spendable amounts.

Agency (HB 974 section)Total Funds (enacted)State Funds (enacted)Composition notes
Community Health, Dept. of (§17)$25,681,033,621$5,843,880,911State General Funds $5,040,612,486; Federal $13,385,827,019; Other $1,027,963,032; Intra-State $5,423,362,659 — see note below
Education, Dept. of (§24)$16,688,224,672$14,182,486,173Federal $2,457,954,507; Other $47,783,992; QBE base unit cost assumed $3,253.19
Board of Regents, University System of Georgia (§41)$11,075,474,608$3,856,339,958Federal $2,204,301,725; Other $5,014,832,925
Transportation, Dept. of (§47)$4,648,598,643$2,860,861,548Federal $1,611,757,546; Other $175,979,549; within State: Motor Fuel $2,515,958,683, State General Funds $49,231,989, Transit Trust $41,879,733, Transportation Trust $253,791,143
Human Services, Dept. of (§28)$2,575,795,477$1,165,794,109Federal $1,381,890,243; Other $27,556,219; Intra-State $554,906
Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities, Dept. of (§15)$2,382,865,256$1,700,939,966Federal $653,583,618; Other $25,546,962; Intra-State $2,794,710
Corrections, Dept. of (§19)$1,745,523,999$1,728,754,328Federal $809,589; Other $15,960,082; within State: Opioid Settlement Trust $8,641,839, State General Funds $1,720,112,489
Student Finance Commission, Georgia (§44)$1,434,289,674$1,429,124,299Other $5,165,375; within State: Lottery $1,144,826,013, State General Funds $284,298,286
Technical College System of Georgia (§46)$1,345,233,189$564,137,184Federal $252,624,151; Other $442,636,642; Intra-State $85,835,212; its 7 programs also sum exactly to the section total
Early Care and Learning, Bright from the Start: Dept. of (§22)$1,279,208,002$671,498,117Federal $607,659,885; Other $50,000; within State: Lottery $593,989,145, State General Funds $77,508,972
Georgia Senate (§1) — for enacted-vs.-recommendation contrast$20,900,914$20,900,914All State Funds
Georgia House of Representatives (§2) — for contrast$29,346,056$29,346,056All State Funds

Disclosure on the Community Health row (checked, not silently fixed): that row's State Funds total ($5,843,880,911) plus its Federal, Other, and Intra-State figures sum exactly to its Total Funds. But its State General Funds line ($5,040,612,486) is only part of its State Funds — the remaining $803,268,425 is other State Funds lines that are not itemized in the composition note. The table's Total Funds and State Funds columns are exact; only the composition note is partial.

Source: HB 974 (OPB PDF) — section totals at §1, §2, §15, §17, §19, §22, §24, §28, §41, §44, §46, §47.

Governor's recommended allocation by policy area — recommendation only, never enacted spending

The table below is separate from the enacted table above and must never be mixed with it. It is the Governor's recommended allocation by policy area (State Funds, FY 2027), from the Governor's Budget Report. It sums exactly to $38,499,917,737 — the same State Funds total the recommendation and the act agree on — but it is a recommendation, not enacted spending.

Policy areaState Funds (recommended)
Educated Georgia$20,798,680,520
Healthy Georgia$9,046,552,743
Safe Georgia$2,897,304,543
Responsible and Efficient Government$1,362,972,917
Growing Georgia$399,716,460
Mobile Georgia$2,849,834,924
Capital and Debt Management$1,144,855,630
Total State Funds$38,499,917,737

Enacted vs. recommended, largest examples (contrast only — the two sets are never combined in one table)

Debt service line in the recommendation: Georgia General Obligation Debt Sinking Fund, FY 2027 State Funds $1,144,855,630 — the same figure as the Capital and Debt Management policy-area total above.

Actual expenditures context (Governor's Budget Report; FY 2027 column is recommendation, not enacted)

MeasureFY 2024FY 2025AFY 2026 (budget)FY 2027 (recommendation)
State Funds expenditures$35,410,705,771$39,031,550,647$42,268,170,020$38,499,917,737
Total Funds expenditures$76,186,752,688$82,714,312,614$79,854,159,042$76,481,637,557

Sources: HB 974 (OPB PDF); Governor's Budget Report (OPB PDF), Summary of Appropriations pp. 19–20, Summary by Policy Area pp. 21–24, State Funds pp. 25–26, Total Funds pp. 27–28.

Fund balance & reserves — FY 2025 audited (ACFR) and Governor's Budget Report

Revenue Shortfall Reserve (RSR) — the rainy-day fund

Fiscal yearRSR balance
FY 2021$4,288,774,541
FY 2022$5,240,228,297
FY 2023$5,391,680,822
FY 2024$5,466,259,838
FY 2025$5,582,959,810

RSR rules (Governor's Budget Report): created by the 1976 General Assembly session in lieu of the Working Reserve; it cannot exceed 15% of the previous fiscal year's net revenue; the General Assembly may appropriate up to 1% of the preceding year's net revenue for increased K-12 needs; the Governor may release amounts in excess of 4% of the preceding year's net revenue.

Reconciliation note — read before quoting the RSR figure: the $5,582,959,810 above is the pre-mid-year-adjustment RSR table figure from the Governor's Budget Report (p. 34). The FY 2025 ACFR describes the RSR differently after adjustment: rounded, “the RSR balance as of June 30, 2025 is $5.6 billion”; 1% of FY 2025 state general fund receipts/net revenue collections ($372.2 million) is available from the RSR for the mid-year K-12 education adjustment in the AFY 2026 budget; prior to the mid-year adjustment the RSR increased $116.7 million from FY 2024, and after the adjustment it decreased $242.7 million from FY 2024; the 15% legal limit was exceeded in FY 2025 and receipts in excess of the 15% ($9.3 billion) were reported as unreserved, undesignated surplus. The Governor's Budget Report table figure and the ACFR's post-adjustment description are different measures and must not be presented as the same number. No single post-adjustment RSR balance is published on this page.

Lottery Shortfall Reserve — separate from the RSR, do not confuse them

Required Shortfall Reserve balance, June 30, 2025$796,264,905

Georgia's lottery laws require a single Shortfall Reserve of at least 50% of the average net proceeds deposited for the preceding three fiscal years. This is not the Revenue Shortfall Reserve.

Governmental fund balances — FY 2025 ACFR, June 30, 2025 (amounts in thousands)

MeasureAmount
Total Governmental Funds fund balances$29,607,164 thousand
— General Fund$24,665,398 thousand
— Capital Projects Fund$3,730,114 thousand
— Nonmajor Funds$1,211,652 thousand

By classification, all governmental funds — sums exactly to $29,607,164 thousand

ClassificationAmount ($ thousands)
Nonspendable$43,037
Restricted$11,321,740
Committed$24,280
Assigned$3,931,504
Unassigned$14,286,603
Total$29,607,164

Governmental funds, FY 2025 flow ($ thousands)

Total revenues$69,148,066
Total expenditures$66,227,422
Net change in fund balances$(1,526,750)
Beginning fund balances$31,133,914
Ending fund balances$29,607,164
General Fund alone: revenues / expenditures / ending balance$68,445,055 / $62,533,774 / $24,665,398
Total net position – governmental activities$52,902,586

Sources: Governor's Budget Report (OPB PDF), RSR p. 34, Lottery p. 37; FY 2025 ACFR (SAO PDF), MD&A pp. 24–25, Balance Sheet p. 34, Revenues/Expenditures/Changes p. 36.

State debt — FY 2025 ACFR, June 30, 2025

Every measure below is a different, defined quantity. Never mix measures in one total, and never headline the broadest measure as bonded debt. ACFR amounts are in thousands unless stated as whole dollars.

General Obligation (GO) bonds — defined lines, kept separate

GO bonds payable, governmental activities, principal only$8,281,845 thousand
Plus unamortized premium$891,041 thousand
GO bonds including unamortized premium (Schedules 8 and 9 line)$9,172,886 thousand
GO principal: beginning balance July 1, 2024 / reductions in FY 2025 / additions$9,226,505 / $944,660 / none
Current portion due within one year (principal)$812,125 thousand
Net general bonded debt (GO incl. premium less $61,047 thousand restricted for bond covenants/debt service)$9,111,839 thousand
Net general bonded debt: share of personal income / per capita1.29% / $814.95

GARVEE bonds (defined separately)

GARVEE principal, governmental activities$333,445 thousand
GARVEE with premium ($51,092 thousand)$384,537 thousand

GARVEE = Federal Highway Grant Anticipation / Reimbursement Revenue Bonds, SRTA; pledged solely from Federal Highway Administration grant/reimbursement revenues; not a pledge of the faith and credit of SRTA or the State (ACFR Note 9D).

Total Bonds Payable (including premiums)

Governmental activities$9,557,423 thousand
Business-type activities (revenue bonds principal $517,455 thousand + premium $59,918 thousand)$577,373 thousand

Business-type detail includes SRTA Managed Lane System Guaranteed Revenue bonds ($367,380 thousand outstanding principal) and Georgia Higher Education Facilities Authority revenue bonds ($150,075 thousand).

Total primary-government debt — the broadest measure (includes leases, subscriptions, notes)

This $14,002,698 thousand measure is not bonded debt alone — it includes leases, subscriptions, and notes. Do not headline it as “bonded debt.” Per Schedule 8: $1,252 per capita; 2.0% of personal income.

Component (Schedule 8, June 30, 2025)Amount ($ thousands)
Governmental Activities — GO bonds$9,172,886
Governmental Activities — Revenue/GARVEE bonds$384,537
Governmental Activities — Lease Obligations$854,426
Governmental Activities — Subscription Obligations$150,885
Governmental Activities — Notes and Loans$36,554
Governmental Activities subtotal$10,599,288
Business-type Activities — Revenue/GARVEE bonds$577,373
Business-type Activities — Leases$461,639
Business-type Activities — Subscriptions$231,706
Business-type Activities — Notes and Loans$2,132,692
Business-type Activities subtotal$3,403,410
Total Primary Government debt$14,002,698

Legal debt margin (whole dollars, Schedule 10)

Prior-year (FY 2024) Treasury Receipts$38,212,723,939
Constitutional limit (10%)$3,821,272,394
Highest total annual commitments (debt applicable to the limit)$1,155,694,459
Legal debt margin$2,665,577,935
Debt applicable as share of the limit30.2%

The Georgia Constitution limits combined highest annual debt service for GO and guaranteed revenue debt to 10% of the prior year's revenue collections. The “debt applicable” figure includes issued/outstanding plus appropriated debt service for authorized-but-unissued GO and guaranteed revenue bonds.

Debt-service context — a different base and year, not the same figure

FY 2027 estimated highest annual debt service (Governor's Budget Report, recommendation basis, p. 35)$1,214,113,029
Prior-year net Treasury receipts (that estimate's base)$38,613,211,472
Share of limit3.1% (limit 10%)

This $1,214,113,029 figure differs from the ACFR Schedule 10 $1,155,694,459 because the bases/years differ. Do not present them as the same figure.

Authorized but unissued GO bonds, June 30, 2025

Total authorized but unissued$325,165 thousand
of which: K-12 Education / Economic Development$312,390 / $12,775 thousand

No new bond authorizations and no bond issuances in FY 2025, per ACFR Note 9C.

Source for this whole section: FY 2025 ACFR (SAO PDF) — Note 9 (Long-Term Liabilities) pp. 121–124, Statistical Schedules 8–10 pp. 358–364; debt-service context from Governor's Budget Report p. 35.

State facts & symbols

CapitalAtlanta (seat of the Georgia State Capitol, 206 Washington Street, Atlanta, GA 30334)
Admitted to the UnionJanuary 2, 1788 — 4th state to ratify the U.S. Constitution
Counties159
Population estimate, July 1, 2025 (Census Vintage 2025)11,302,748 — an estimate, never a Census count
Population estimates base, April 1, 2020 (V2025)10,713,861
Percent change, April 1, 2020 base to July 1, 2025+5.5%
Population, Census, April 1, 2020 / April 1, 201010,711,908 / 9,687,653
Land area, 202057,716.96 square miles
Population per square mile, 2020185.6
Housing units, July 1, 2025 (V2025)4,734,436
FIPS code13
State motto“Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation”
Flag colors named in statute (OCGA § 50-3-1)Scarlet, white, blue, gold — color names only; no official hex values are claimed on this page

Census vintage note (from the QuickFacts page itself): “The vintage year (e.g., V2025) refers to the final year of the series (2020 thru 2025). Different vintage years of estimates are not comparable.”

The Great Seal's front shows three pillars supporting an arch, emblematic of the three branches of government (legislative, judicial, executive); a man stands with a drawn sword defending the Constitution whose principles are wisdom, justice, and moderation. The flag consists of three horizontal bands of equal width — top and bottom scarlet, center white — with a square blue canton in the upper left of the hoist, bearing a gold representation of the coat of arms with the words “IN GOD WE TRUST” beneath, encircled by 13 white five-pointed stars. The statute provides that official specifications of the flag, including color identification system, type sizes and fonts, and overall dimensions, shall be established by the Secretary of State.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, QuickFacts: Georgia; U.S. Senate, States in the Senate: Georgia and Georgia timeline; Governor's Office, Capitol Information and Directions; Lt. Governor's Office release, October 9, 2025; OCGA § 50-3-1, Description of state flag (Code text republication); Digital Library of Georgia, Georgia's official state symbols.

Sources & checks

Source documents

Sum-check log (recomputed at build time)

Every breakdown on this page was re-added before confirmation. All published totals below matched their detail exactly, except the one disclosed partial note in Expenditures (Community Health composition note: $803,268,425 of other State Funds lines not itemized — the row's Total Funds and State Funds columns themselves are exact).

What this page deliberately omits

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